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The term “leatherneck” transcended the actual use of the leather stock and became a common nickname for United States Marines. The last vestiges of the leather stock can be seen in today’s modern dress uniform, which features a stiff cloth tab behind the front of the collar. Use of the leather stock was retained until after the Civil War when it was replaced by a strip of black glazed leather attached to the inside front of the dress uniform collar. Sailors serving aboard ship with Marines came to call them “leathernecks.” This leather collar served to protect the neck against cutlass slashes and to hold the head erect in proper military bearing. Also mandated was a leather stock to be worn by officers and enlisted men alike. Marine uniforms were to consist of green coats with buff white facings, buff breeches and black gaiters.
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In 1776, the Naval Committee of the Second Continental Congress prescribed new uniform regulations. Finally, in 1904, the simple scarlet stripe seen today was adopted. Ten years later uniform regulations prescribed a scarlet cord inserted into the outer seams for noncommissioned officers and musicians and a scarlet welt for officers. In 1849, the stripes were changed to a solid red. In keeping with earlier regulations, stripes became dark blue edged in red. Two years later, when President Jackson left office, Colonel Henderson returned the uniform to dark blue coats faced red. Colonel Commandant Archibald Henderson ordered those stripes to be buff white. The wearing of stripes on the trousers began in 1837, following the Army practice of wearing stripes the same color as uniform jacket facings. In 1834, uniform regulations were changed to comply with President Andrew Jackson’s wishes that Marine uniforms return to the green and white worn during the Revolutionary War. The use of stripes clearly predates the Mexican War. Although this belief is firmly embedded in the traditions of the Corps, it has no basis in fact. Marine Corps tradition maintains that the red stripe worn on the trousers of officers and noncommissioned officers, and commonly known as the “blood stripe,” commemorates those Marines killed storming the castle of Chapultepec in 1847.